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On Changing and Differing Types of Bodies and Their Relationships to Their Souls or/and Minds in Western Culture
Jakešová, Markéta ; Ritter, Martin (advisor) ; Morin, Marie-Eve (referee) ; Weidtmann, Niels (referee)
On Changing and Differing Types of Bodies and Their Relationships to Their Souls or/and Minds in Western Culture Markéta Jakešová Abstract: On Changing and Differing Types of Bodies and Their Relationships to Their Souls or/and Minds in Western Culture is a collection of loosely connected chapters that answer the question of how to make Merleau-Ponty's phenomenology more inclusive. The first chapter, devoted to Jean-Luc Nancy, serves as an introduction to the topic of alternative embodiments and the question of the soul in the body. In the following chapters, Merleau-Ponty is confronted with selected authors associated with Actor-Network Theory (ANT). First, the comparison with Bruno Latour shows that the integrity of all beings and entities, including the most privileged humans, is not to be taken for granted. The pathologies in the Phenomenology of Perception and Annemarie Mol's depiction (enactment) of atherosclerosis are then used as an analogy for the inferior status of women in our society, while the fourth chapter shows the empowerment that can grow out of it through an interpretation of Elfriede Jelinek's novel The Piano Teacher. The last two chapters focus on unconventional modes of intersubjectivity and kinships as ways of being in the world. The confrontation with Eduardo Viveiros de Castro...
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Fears and fantasies in human interactions with sex robots: USA media discourse analysis 2016-2023
Gavrilova, Iuliia ; Lorenz - Meyer, Dagmar (advisor) ; Kolářová, Kateřina (referee)
This thesis employs a feminist critical discourse analysis to investigate the fears, desires, and pleasures invoked by sex robots in users, as well as the representation of sex robots in media discourse. Feminist critical discourse analysis is used to provide insight into the ways in which technology is shaping human sexuality and changing our perceptions of sex and love. My sample includes 59 articles published in contemporary American media between 2017 and 2023 that focus on human interaction with sex robots. This thesis examines how the current dramatic prognosis of harm of sex robot use is empirically grounded. It also identifies multiple main themes that are present in the media discourse, namely sex robots' human-likeness, future of human relationships, as well as the tendency to associate the use of sex robots with rape and pedophilia. The artificial nature of the robot in the most intimate aspects of life such as love and sex is perceived as threatening, potentially making us less human. However, there are also positive aspects of human-sex robot interaction as framed by media discourse. Sex robots allow people to have a more satisfactory sexual life even when they have difficulties to build interpersonal relationship, for example, for elderly or socially awkward people. Moreover, a rising...
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"Eating for Two": Pregnant Women's Perceptions of the Body and the Fetus, and Their Eating Habits
Rutová, Simona ; Hrešanová, Ema (advisor) ; Grygar, Jakub (referee)
Pregnancy is currently a highly monitored condition, and also, as a result of the strong discourse of healthy lifestyle, certain demands are placed on a pregnant woman's diet. However, the topic appears also in culturally framed advice and expectations, which often contradict the medical community's directions. With this work, for which my main question is how the perception of the body and fetus affects a woman's diet during pregnancy, I aimed to enrich this discussion with the perspective of pregnant women and their perception of the needs and tastes of their body and fetus. I base this work on authors such as Merleau-Ponty, Young and Bourdieu, and on data from 15 semi-structured interviews supplemented by 5 diaries kept during pregnancy. My research shows that pregnant women perceive their body and the fetus as actors that influence their eating, because through tastes, nausea or movement they perceive the communicated needs of the body and the fetus. The influence of eating and the perception of the body and the fetus, however, turned out to be mutual, because eating also has a significant influence on how women perceived and communicated with her body and fetus and perceived its individuality. With this research I therefore expand the current understanding of pregnant embodiment, medical...
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Contrastive analysis of polysemic words in Czech and Spanish
VACKOVÁ, Lucie
The presented master´s thesis is focused on a contrastive analysis of Czech and Spanish phraseological units of the polysemic word heart. The objective is to analyse the original concepts of given phrases and their possible equivalent in the other language, using the knowledge about main cognitive principles explained in the theoretical part of the thesis. The thesis consists of theoretical chapters dealing with cognitive linguistics, categorization, embodiment and conceptual metaphors. These are later applied in the analytical part, which represents particular radial categories of the word heart. The results of the analysis is found at the end of the thesis, as well as the conclusion and a Spanish resume. The thesis is written in Czech language.
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The Linguistic Image of the World and Embodiment: Changes in the Perception and the Ways of Displaying the Female Body in Print Advertising in ELLE magazine in the 1990's and Nowadays
Lohrová, Kateřina ; Šmejdová, Barbora (advisor) ; Bouma, David (referee)
Název práce Jazykový obraz světa a tělesnost: proměny ve vnímání a způsobu zobrazování ženské tělesnosti ve vizuálních médiích Anotace Tato diplomová práce se zabývá otázkou vnímání ženské tělesnosti a způsobu, jakým je zobrazována ve vizuálních médiích (konkrétně v tištěné reklamě), jak se tyto obrazy proměňují v čase, případně jakou mají tyto změny podobu. Snahou práce bude nahlédnout toto téma na pozadí konceptu jazykového obrazu naší společnosti, na základě čehož by se nám mohl naskytnou zajímavý vhled do její vnitřní konstrukce a mechanismů jejího fungování. Klíčová slova: jazykový obraz světa, kategorizace, tělesnost, ženskost, stereotypizace, objektifikace, vizuální média, reklama Thesis title The Linguistic Image of the World and Embodiment: Changes in the Perception and the Ways of Displaying the Female Body in Print Advertising in ELLE magazine in the 1990's and Nowadays Abstract This diploma thesis discusses the issue of the perception of the female body and the approaches and ways in which it is portrayed in the visual media (specifically in the printed advertisement), how these images changes over time or what form these changes takes. The aim of this thesis is to look at this topic in the background of the concept of the linguistic image of our world, of our society, on the basis of which we...
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Origins of intentionality and Husserl's late thinking
Zelenka, Jiří ; Novotný, Karel (advisor) ; Zika, Richard (referee)
This work aims to pursue the roots and sources of intentionality. Intentional structure of consciousness is the very core of Edmund Husserl's phenomenology and plays the main role since his Logical investigations. The problem of intentionality is complicated and complex and resonates through the Husserl lifelong work Our starting point is Husserl's late work Erfahrung und Urteil. The reason why we choose this work is twofold. First, this work shows the thoughts which result from the life long investigation of problematics. And the second reason is, this work hasn't been the subject of examination as much as Husserl's earlier works so far. The key to our work is the perspective in which every phenomenon shows. That's the reason, why we follow intentionality in three perspectives, which gradually uncovers itselves. The first perspective is the descent from acts of judgment to the original layers of intentionality. This brings us to the second perspective, which is the instinctive intentionality. This is the subject of following part of our work. The exposing of instinctive intentionality underlines the role of embodiment. The importance of embodiment in regard to intentionality is the final perspective. We investigate this with help of Maurice Merleau-Ponty Phenomenology of perception. This will...
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Light in the palm: An anthropological study of the Reiki phenomenon
Proboštová, Jana ; Spalová, Barbora (advisor) ; Grygar, Jakub (referee)
The interest of anthropology of religion often focuses on the view of life and values of practitioners of a religion or spiritual system and the following text is put into the same context. This master thesis deals with the Reiki phenomenon - originally eastern spiritual technique that was, just like other similar philosophical-spiritual systems, spread out in America and Europe in the second half of twentieth century. Reiki has another distinct feature, besides spirituality. It is its affiliation to so called healing systems because of which I do not consider it purely spiritual system, but rather specific spiritual praxis with healing aspect that is historically connected with medical environment. I base my theory not only on anthropology of religion, but I also think in terms of medical anthropology and the theory of embodiment. Through explaining of basic Reiki principles, I am showing that the world of Reiki practitioners is to a certain extent divided. The evolution of the teaching led to many significantly different modifications and to current state, where these modifications coexist and make one single definition of the teaching very difficult. The perspective of embodiment allows me to focus more in detail on the healing praxis itself and its most important aspect - the body, which I see...
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The role of the body in acquiring skills
Adámková, Anna ; Ivan, Michal (advisor) ; Charvát, Martin (referee)
The main topic of the master thesis is the exploration of a process of learning and acquitision of skills. In fact these processes are the important parts of a human life indeed. The issue of this topic is being considered through a different but certainly related topic - the rules and their function. The first part of this thesis consists of the analyses of several points of view on the topic of rules as a whole. The introduction of the thesis is supplemented with the theory of S. Blackmore speaking about the meaning of mems in our lifes. After the first part, where the work of J. Peregrin "A Man and rules" is analised, the other bigger charter begins with the analysis of M. Merleau-Ponty point of view on a human body and embodiment - the essence of a human being. In fact the studies of S. Curtiss and A. S. Benzaquen are the sources of the particular cases that are closely connected with the topic of the previous chapters of the thesis and that close the thesis.
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Spirituality in veganism and vegetarianism.
Schejbalová, Eliška ; Spalová, Barbora (advisor) ; Tesárek, Jan (referee)
This bachelor thesis deals with the topic of spirituality in the field of vegetarianism and veganism. The main goal of this thesis is to find out how and when is the spirituality formed in narratives of the respondents, who are vegetarians or vegans and how do they construct it. The results of this work are obtained using a qualitative research, mostly in form of semi-structured in-depth interviews with sensitivity to the ways that the narratives are constructed. These interviews took place mainly in online space due to the Covid-19 pandemic. This thesis connects several areas of theory, which later appear in the narratives of respondents. The main theoretical framework for this thesis is concept of mindful body by Nancy Scheper- Hughes and Margaret Lock, concept of purity by Mary Douglas, theory of Dark Green Religion by Bron Taylor and views of the boundaries between people and animals by Margo DeMello. This thesis and its conclusions can serve as a basis for subsequent research on the topic, since this thesis formed as a certain view of the field of spirituality in veganism and vegetarianism.
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